How does insulin function in the body?

Insulin plays a critical role in the body, primarily in regulating glucose metabolism. Its main function is to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the transport of glucose into the cells. When you consume food, particularly carbohydrates, glucose is released into the bloodstream, leading to an increase in blood sugar levels. In response, the pancreas secretes insulin.

Insulin binds to receptors on the surface of cells, particularly in muscle and fat tissue, enabling these cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream to be used for energy or stored for later use. This process helps maintain stable blood sugar levels and prevents hyperglycemia (excessively high levels of glucose in the blood). In summary, insulin's role is crucial for managing glucose levels, making it essential for energy balance and overall metabolic health.